abstract：CONTEXT:Since 2000, problem-based learning (PBL) seminars have been introduced into the curriculum of medical studies at the University of Liège. We aimed to carry out a cross-sectional investigation of the maturational increase in biomedical reasoning capacity in comparison with factual knowledge retention throughout ...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Collard A,Gelaes S,Vanbelle S,Bredart S,Defraigne JO,Boniver J,Bourguignon JP

更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:In this paper we report on further tests of the validity of the multiple mini-interview (MMI) selection process, comparing MMI scores with those achieved on a national high-stakes clinical skills examination. We also continue to explore the stability of candidate performance and the extent to which so-call...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Eva KW,Reiter HI,Trinh K,Wasi P,Rosenfeld J,Norman GR

更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Poor interprofessional relationships in maternity units have resulted in a number of suboptimal outcomes: students are reluctant to pursue careers in obstetrics and gynaecology (O & G); trainees feel bullied, and poor communication between professionals results in avoidable adverse events. Interprofessional lea...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Siassakos D,Timmons C,Hogg F,Epee M,Marshall L,Draycott T

更新日期：2009-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Some medical courses in the UK have many more applicants than places and almost all applicants have the highest possible previous and predicted examination grades. The BioMedical Admissions Test (BMAT) was designed to assist in the student selection process specifically for a number of 'traditional' medical cou...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Emery JL,Bell JF

更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:The unbiased selection of images representing a spectrum of diagnostic difficulty is an important first step in designing effective assessment and teaching interventions for X-ray interpretation. OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to develop a scale that would reliably differentiate more difficult X-rays from those t...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Boutis K,Pecaric M,Pusic M

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Tutors in problem-based learning (PBL) tutorials have a complex role to play in facilitating students' learning. This includes providing support for students' acquisition of content knowledge and skills in critical thinking, coaching of group processes and modelling of reflective practice. Few studies which inv...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Papinczak T,Tunny T,Young L

更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Internationally, there are a number of universities at which medical and dental education programmes share common elements. There are no studies about the experiences of medical and dental students enrolled in different programmes who share significant amounts of learning and teaching. METHODS:Semi-structur...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Ajjawi R,Hyde S,Roberts C,Nisbet G

更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Although peer-assisted learning (PAL) is widely employed throughout medical education, its effectiveness for training in technical procedures in skills laboratories has been subject to little systematic investigation. We conducted a prospective, randomised trial to evaluate the hypotheses that PAL is effecti...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Weyrich P,Celebi N,Schrauth M,Möltner A,Lammerding-Köppel M,Nikendei C

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:The lack of published studies into effective skills teaching in clinical skills centres inspired this study of student views of the teaching behaviours of skills teachers. METHODS:We organised focus group discussions with students from Years 1-3 of a 6-year undergraduate medical curriculum. A total of 30 ra...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Martens MJ,Duvivier RJ,van Dalen J,Verwijnen GM,Scherpbier AJ,van der Vleuten CP

更新日期：2009-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:This study represents an initial evaluation of the first year (F1) of the Foundation Assessment Programme (FAP), in line with Postgraduate Medical Education and Training Board (PMETB) assessment principles. METHODS:Descriptive analyses were undertaken for total number of encounters, assessors and trainees, ...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Davies H,Archer J,Southgate L,Norcini J

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Modern postgraduate medical training requires both accurate and reliable selection procedures. An essential first step is to conduct detailed job analysis studies. This paper reports data on a series of job analyses to develop a competency model for three secondary care specialties (anaesthesia, obstetrics an...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Patterson F,Ferguson E,Thomas S

更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Previous research has shown that general practitioners (GPs) hold negative attitudes towards patients with schizophrenia, which do not simply reflect the nature or chronic aspects of the illness. This study aimed to describe the attitudes and predicted behaviour of medical students towards patients with mental ...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Dixon RP,Roberts LM,Lawrie S,Jones LA,Humphreys MS

更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:Multi-source feedback (MSF) enables performance data to be provided to doctors from patients, co-workers and medical colleagues. This study examined the evidence for the validity of MSF instruments for general practice, investigated changes in performance for doctors who participated twice, 5 years apart, an...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Violato C,Lockyer JM,Fidler H

更新日期：2008-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Apprenticeship learning is common in medical education, but is often situated in theoretical frameworks which highlight its cognitive but not its social dimension. METHODS:We conducted an ethnographic case study of paediatric residents' learning relationships with their preceptors in a community-based paediatr...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Balmer DF,Serwint JR,Ruzek SB,Giardino AP

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:As part of curriculum evaluation, management and quality assurance strategies, many undergraduate medical schools are in the process of constructing computer-based curriculum maps. METHODS:A survey was distributed to Canadian and UK medical schools to determine the current status, characteristics, and challeng...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Willett TG

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine how patient-centredness is understood and enacted in an American (US) and an Italian group of health care professionals. METHODS:An action research methodology was used. Two interprofessional groups of US (n = 4) and Italian (n = 5) health care professionals independently wrote a patient-centred d...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Lamiani G,Meyer EC,Rider EA,Browning DM,Vegni E,Mauri E,Moja EA,Truog RD

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:The challenges of maintaining comprehensive banks of valid checklists make context-specific checklists for assessment of clinical procedural skills problematic. OBJECTIVES:This paper reports the development of a tool which supports generic holistic assessment of clinical procedural skills. METHODS:We carried ...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： McKinley RK,Strand J,Gray T,Schuwirth L,Alun-Jones T,Miller H

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study investigated the relationship between perceived family support and coping efficacy in premedical (i.e. prior to entering medical school) students, an understudied subset of undergraduate students who are particularly at risk for academia- related stress. The relationships between students' perceive...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Klink JL,Byars-Winston A,Bakken LL

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:This study sought to determine the relative contributions made by transferable skills and content-specific skills to Year 2 medical student performance in a clinical skills examination. METHODS:Correlated trait-correlated method models were constructed to describe the performance of 2 year groups of students...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Mattick K,Dennis I,Bradley P,Bligh J

更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Self-efficacy is an important factor in many areas of medical education, including self-assessment and self-directed learning, but has been little studied in resuscitation training, possibly because of the lack of a simple measurement instrument. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to assess the validity of a visual analogue s...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Turner NM,van de Leemput AJ,Draaisma JM,Oosterveld P,ten Cate OT

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:We placed anaesthesia teams into a stressful environment in order to explore interactions between members of different professional groups and to investigate their perspectives on the impact of these interactions on team performance. METHODS:Ten anaesthetists, 5 nurses and 5 trained anaesthetic assistants e...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Weller JM,Janssen AL,Merry AF,Robinson B

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Patients may participate in teaching in many ways, in different settings and with different degrees of expert supervision. The majority of patients are generally very willing to participate in teaching. At times, however, patients may decline to see students because they are too sick, wish to maintain their pri...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Lowe M,Kerridge I,McPhee J,Hart C

更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To investigate the current status of teaching on spirituality in medicine in UK medical schools and to establish if and how medical schools are preparing future doctors to identify patients' spiritual needs. METHODS:We carried out a national questionnaire survey using a 2-part questionnaire. Section A contai...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Neely D,Minford EJ

更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:The banner of patient-centredness flies over many academic institutions; however, the practice and teaching of medicine remain oriented to disease. This incongruence is the result of an original Flexnerian dichotomy between the basic and clinical sciences and is maintained by a more recent distinction between d...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Boudreau JD,Cassell EJ,Fuks A

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Each clinical encounter represents an amazing series of psychological events: perceiving the features of the situation; quickly accessing relevant hypotheses; checking for signs and symptoms that confirm or rule out competing hypotheses, and using related knowledge to guide appropriate investigations and treatm...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Charlin B,Boshuizen HP,Custers EJ,Feltovich PJ

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:This paper aims to summarise the evidence supporting the role of experience-based, non-analytic reasoning (NAR) or pattern recognition as a central feature of expert medical diagnosis. METHODS:The authors examine a series of studies, primarily from their own research programme at McMaster University, that de...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Norman G,Young M,Brooks L

更新日期：2007-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Adapting web-based (WB) instruction to learners' individual differences may enhance learning. Objectives This study aimed to investigate aptitude-treatment interactions between learning and cognitive styles and WB instructional methods. METHODS:We carried out a factorial, randomised, controlled, crossover, pos...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Cook DA,Gelula MH,Dupras DM,Schwartz A

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To explore the impact of research governance on medical students' ability to gain an understanding of research methodology, as required by the General Medical Council. METHODS:We carried out a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews, in 3 medical schools in the UK, with 12 interviewees includin...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Robinson L,Drewery S,Ellershaw J,Smith J,Whittle S,Murdoch-Eaton D

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:This research aims to identify the influences contributing to students' decisions to study medicine and to apply the findings to the design and targeting of outreach activities aimed at widening participation. METHODS:Semi-structured interviews were carried out with 15 medical students at a UK medical schoo...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： McHarg J,Mattick K,Knight LV

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Considerable research has been conducted recently into the notion of patient-centred consulting. The primary goal of this approach is to establish a clear understanding of the patient's perspective on his or her problem, and to allow this understanding to inform both the explanation and planning stages of the c...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Norfolk T,Birdi K,Walsh D

更新日期：2007-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:The long-term impact of faculty development programmes (FDPs) is poorly understood, and most assessments of them have been quantitative in nature. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to use qualitative methods to better understand the long-term impact of an FDP in teaching skills (FDP/TS). METHODS:A survey was carried...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Knight AM,Carrese JA,Wright SM

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:Recent UK policy has been to increase substantially the number of graduate entrants to medical schools. Our aim was to study whether graduate and non-graduate entrants have different long-term career preferences. METHODS:We conducted postal questionnaire surveys of medical qualifiers from all UK medical scho...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Goldacre MJ,Davidson JM,Lambert TW

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To assess the effectiveness of a stress reduction elective on Year 2 medical students and to assess the sustainability of any noted improvement. METHODS:A new elective entitled 'Mind-Body Medicine: an Experiential Elective' was offered to Year 2 medical students. It was based on a course developed by the Ce...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Finkelstein C,Brownstein A,Scott C,Lan YL

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Distance learning has been advocated increasingly as a modern efficient method of teaching surgery. Efficiency of knowledge transfer and validity of web-based courses have not been subjected to rigorous study to date. METHODS:An entirely web-based surgical 5-week lecture course was designed. Fifty per cent ...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Ridgway PF,Sheikh A,Sweeney KJ,Evoy D,McDermott E,Felle P,Hill AD,O'Higgins NJ

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Admissions interviews are unreliable and have poor predictive validity, yet are the sole measures of non-cognitive skills used by most medical school admissions departments. The low reliability may be due in part to variation in conditional reliability across the rating scale. OBJECTIVES:To describe an empiric...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Stansfield RB,Kreiter CD

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:At the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium, final year medical students participate in 70 problem-solving clinical seminars over a period of 2 months, concentrating on clinical reasoning for formulating differential diagnoses. The clinical seminars end in an examination consisting of 200 extended-matching q...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Beullens J,Struyf E,Van Damme B

更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The assessment of clinical procedural skills has traditionally focused on technical elements alone. However, in real practice, clinicians are expected to be able to integrate technical with communication and other professional skills. We describe an integrated procedural performance instrument (IPPI), where ...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Kneebone R,Nestel D,Yadollahi F,Brown R,Nolan C,Durack J,Brenton H,Moulton C,Archer J,Darzi A

更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:In 1996 the University of Liverpool introduced an integrated problem-based learning (PBL) medical curriculum incorporating the recommendations of Tomorrow's Doctors. This paper investigates whether the PRHO (pre-registration house officer) educational supervisors who supervise Liverpool graduates believe t...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Watmough S,Taylor D,Garden A

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In 1996 the University of Liverpool introduced a new curriculum based on the recommendations published in Tomorrow's Doctors. This work examines how graduates of that course view their undergraduate curriculum and whether they consider it prepared them well for the pre-registration year. Five focus groups were arrange...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Watmough S,Garden A,Taylor D

更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：CONTEXT:Widening access to higher education is a political priority. Social trends among medical school applicants are presently monitored using information on parental occupation. However, not all students now provide this information on their university application forms. OBJECTIVES:To compare the demographic charac...

journal_title：Medical education

authors： Do PC,Parry J,Mathers J,Richardson M

更新日期：2006-08-01 00:00:00